Herpesvirus infection

• • HSV-1 is primarily associated with oral infections, while HSV-2 causes mainly genital infections
  • HSV infections have two phases: a primary infection, after which the virus becomes embedded in the ganglion; and a secondary phase, characterised by recurrent disease
  • It is estimated that more than half of the world’s population has HSV types 1 and 2
  • Recurrence rate depends on the type of virus and the anatomical site
  • Herpes simplex viruses are usually transmitted from person to person through contaminated oral or genital secretions during close contact
  • HSV-2 has a higher recurrence rate of genital herpes than HSV-1

Symptoms
Symptoms of herpes infection appear 3 to 7 days after contact. Rashes can appear anywhere on the skin.

The first thing that happens is:

• • Tingling
  • Itching
  • Incineration
  • Pain
  • Slight fever
  • Lymph nodes may enlarge

Rashes appear 12-24 hours later:

• • Eritrea
  • Grouped vesicles
  • Ulcerations (erosions)
  • Itching

The lesions usually last between 2 and 6 weeks and heal without scarring.

Provocative factors
Primary infection and recurrences:

• • immune system abnormalities
  • fatigue
  • stress
  • menstruation
  • local skin injuries
  • exposure to sunlight

Diagnostics

• • Diagnosis is usually made by questioning and physical examination
  • A definitive diagnosis of HSV herpes can be confirmed by laboratory tests:
    • • Serological tests – IgM and IgG
      • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) – HSV DNA
      • Have a cytology smear
      • Cutaneous slit biopsy (unclear cases)R

Treatment

Treatment for HSV herpes focuses on managing symptoms, as the condition cannot be completely cured. Antiviral medications are commonly used to lessen the severity of symptoms and reduce the frequency of outbreaks. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of treatment, ideally at the first sign of symptoms, are crucial for effective management of herpesvirus infections

How to relieve symptoms?

• • Local or systemic non-steroidal painkillers may be used to reduce pain and discomfort
  • Cold compresses, cooling lotions, balms, foams or creams are also suitable for relieving symptoms caused by HSV.
  • You can also use moisturising emollients (creams, ointments, spray lotions)
  • If you have a rash in the genital area, it is advisable to wear loose, natural cotton underwear;
  • Disinfection of rashes with an antiseptic is important and necessary to prevent secondary (recurrent, spreading) infection.

• • Avoid the above-mentioned herpes provoking factors:
    • • Strengthen weakened immunity, treat co-morbidities
      • Maintain a regular and balanced work and rest schedule
      • Protect the skin barrier from trauma, moisturise regularly with emollients (creams, ointments) to prevent dryness
      • Wear protection against ultraviolet sunlight (UVS) – hats, umbrellas, products (creams, lotions) with SPF
      • Get rid of harmful habits
  • Avoid unprotected and casual sex
  • Use barrier protection measures
  • Avoid close contact with a person with oral herpes
  • Proper hand and genital washing
  • Proper use of your personal care items (e.g. personal towels only, toothbrushes, kitchen utensils, etc.);

If rashes appear or recur frequently, be sure to consult a dermatovenereologist.